This Treaty shall be subject to ratification and its provisions by the Contracting Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Government of the United States of America, which shall notify all other signatories of any deposit. The Treaty shall enter into force between the Ratifying States as soon as the ratifications of a majority of the Signatories, including the ratifications of Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States, have been deposited, and shall enter into force for the other States on the date of deposit of their ratifications. (3) The North Atlantic Treaty, also known as the Washington Treaty, is the treaty which forms the legal basis of and is implemented by the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). The treaty was signed on April 4, 1949 in Washington, D.C. The United States would only agree to provide military support to Europe if it were united. In response, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom signed the Brussels Treaty in March 1948, establishing Western Union. Designed to strengthen relations between the signatories while creating a common defence system, the Brussels Treaty eventually became the basis of the Washington Treaty. Formal negotiations on public contracts began on December 10, 1948 with the Committee of Ambassadors in Washington, D.C. Luxembourg has sent its own representative for these talks. Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway and Portugal were then invited to the last negotiating sessions, which began on 8 March 1949.

Although the participating countries agreed that collective defence would be at the heart of the new Alliance, several other issues had not yet been resolved and needed to be resolved before the formation of the Alliance could become a reality. The countries of Western Europe were ready to consider a collective security solution. In response to rising tensions and security concerns, representatives of several Western European countries have come together to form a military alliance. Great Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg signed the Brussels Treaty in March 1948. Their treaty provided for collective defence; When one of these nations was attacked, the others were forced to help with the defense. At the same time, the Truman administration introduced peacetime conscription, increased military spending, and called on the historically isolationist Republican Congress to consider a military alliance with Europe. In May 1948, Republican Senator Arthur H. Vandenburg proposed a resolution proposing to the president to seek a security treaty with Western Europe that would be consistent with the Charter of the United Nations but existed outside the Security Council, where the Soviet Union had veto power.

The Vandenburg resolution was adopted and negotiations on the North Atlantic Treaty began. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was created in 1949 by the United States, Canada and several Western European countries to provide collective security against the Soviet Union. Some illustrators wanted more than just military cooperation between the signatories. They wanted to extend cooperation to social and economic cooperation, but views differed on how non-military issues should be handled. In the end, Article 2 passed and now forms the basis of the Alliance`s political and non-military work. The result of these in-depth negotiations was the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949. In this agreement, the United States, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United Kingdom agreed to consider an attack on an attack on all, as well as consultations on threats and defence issues. This collective defence agreement formally applied only to attacks on signatories that took place in Europe or North America; Conflicts in colonial zones were not included. After the treaty was signed, some of the signatories asked the United States for military assistance.

Later in 1949, President Truman proposed a military assistance program, and the Mutual Defense Assistance Program was passed by the U.S. Congress in October, allocating about $1.4 billion to build Western European defenses. The negotiating countries did not agree on the duration of the treaty. Some countries were in favour of a long-term agreement that would set the initial term at 20 years, while others feared that anything beyond 10 years would be seen as an unnecessary extension of the war effort. Finally, at Portugal`s insistence, the Treaty was made valid for a period of 10 years, after which the Treaty could be revised (Article 12); and it is only after 20 years that the treaty has been in force for 20 years that a member can withdraw from the organization (Article 13). To date, these two provisions have never been applied, i.e. the contract has never been revised or a member has been removed from the organization. On 4 March 1947, the Treaty of Dunkirk is signed by France and the United Kingdom as a treaty of alliance and mutual assistance in the event of a possible attack by Germany or the Soviet Union after the Second World War.

In 1948, this alliance was extended to the Benelux countries in the form of western union, also known as the Brussels Treaty Organization (BTO), established by the Brussels Treaty. [9] Talks on a new military alliance, which could also include North America, led to the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on April 4, 1949 by the member states of the Western Union as well as by the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. [10] Political dialogue with Japan began in 1990 and since then the Alliance has gradually strengthened its contacts with countries that do not participate in any of these cooperation initiatives. [114] In 1998, NATO established a set of general guidelines that do not allow for the formal institutionalization of relations, but reflect Allies` desire to strengthen cooperation. After lengthy discussions, Allies agreed on the term “contact countries” in 2000. In 2012, the Alliance expanded this group, which meets to discuss issues such as anti-piracy and technology exchanges under the names of “partners from around the world” or “global partners”. [115] [116] Australia and New Zealand, two contact countries, are also members of the AUSCANNZUKUS strategic alliance, and similar regional or bilateral agreements between contact countries and NATO members also support cooperation. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said NATO must “deal with the rise of China” by working closely with Australia, New Zealand, Japan and South Korea. [117] Colombia is NATO`s youngest partner and Colombia has access to all of the cooperation activities that NATO offers to its partners. Colombia was the first and only country in Latin America to cooperate with NATO. [118] The treaty was signed on April 4, 1949 in Washington, D.C.

signed by a committee chaired by American diplomat Theodore Achilles. Previously, between March 22 and April 1, 1948, secret talks had taken place at the Pentagon, of which Achilles said: The new members of the alliance came largely from Central and Eastern Europe, including former members of the Warsaw Pact. Membership in the Alliance is governed by individual membership action plans and requires the approval of each current member. .